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Kepler's Third Law

Kepler's third law (solar units): P² = a³. Period in years, distance in AU.

a = 1.52 AU → P = 1.88 yearsCheck: 1.88² = 3.54 · 1.52³ = 3.54

Before you start

In solar units, P² = a³. Mercury is fast and close; Saturn is slow and far.

Key idea

Distance and period are locked. You do not need the planet’s mass for this law around the Sun.

What you see

  • Orbit scaled by a
  • Planet presets
  • P² vs a³ check

Try this

  1. Click Mars, then Jupiter
  2. Try a = 4 AU — period should be 8 years

Common mistakes

  • Mixing years with days, or AU with kilometres, without converting

Glossary

AU
Astronomical unit — Earth’s average distance from the Sun.
Kepler III
P² proportional to a³.

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